Wheaton is a community located in
DuPage County, Illinois, approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of
Chicago and
Lake Michigan. Wheaton is the
county seat of DuPage County. As of the
2010 census, the city had a total population of 52,894.
[2] In 2010 it was listed by Money Magazine as one of the 25 highest earning towns in the United States.
[3] The town is regularly noted for its outstanding school system, New England style community, and more recently as a financial center for investment management companies.
Founding The city dates its founding to the period between 1831 and 1837, following the
Indian Removal Act, when Erastus Gary laid claim to 790 acres (3.2 km
2) of land near present-day
Warrenville.
[4][5] The Wheaton brothers arrived from Connecticut, and in 1837 Warren Wheaton laid claim to 640 acres (2.6 km
2) of land in the center of town. Jesse Wheaton later made claim to 300 acres (1.2 km
2) of land just west of Warren's.
[5][6] It was not long before other settlers from New England joined them in the community. In 1848, they gave the
Galena and Chicago Union Railroad three miles (5 km) of
right-of-way, upon which railroad officials named the depot Wheaton.
[4][6] In 1850, ten blocks of land were
platted and anyone who was willing to build immediately was granted free land. In 1853, the lots were surveyed and a formal plat for the city was filed with the county. The city was then incorporated in 1859 with Warren serving as its first President.
[6] The city was re-incorporated on March 1, 1890, when the first mayor of the city was selected,
Judge Elbert Gary, son of Erastus Gary and founder of
Gary, Indiana.
Establishment as county seatIn 1857, the
Illinois state legislature authorized an election to be held to decide the question of whether the DuPage county seat should remain in
Naperville or be moved to the more centrally located Wheaton, which was on the
Galena and Chicago Union Railroad. Naperville won the election by a vote of 1,542 to 762. Hostility between the two towns continued for the next decade and another election was held in 1867, that Wheaton narrowly won by a vote of 1,686 to 1,635. At a cost of $20,000, the City of Wheaton quickly built a
courthouse to house a
courtroom, county offices and a
county jail. The building was dedicated on July 4, 1868.
[7]
However, animosity between the two towns continued, and in 1868, as records were moved from the old Naperville courthouse to the new one in Wheaton, Naperville refused to turn over remaining county records, prompting a band of Civil War veterans from Wheaton to conduct what came to be known as the Midnight Raid on the Naperville courthouse. As Wheatonites fled back on Wheaton-Naperville Road, Napervillians were able to secure some last remaining records, which were taken to the Cook County Recorder in Chicago for safekeeping. During this time, Naperville was mounting a lawsuit against Wheaton accusing election judges of leaving their posts during the vote. As the courts deliberated the fate of the county seat, the records were destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Shortly thereafter, Wheaton was officially proclaimed the county seat.[8]
As demand for space increased, the courthouse was rebuilt in 1887 at a cost of $69,390, modeled after the courthouse in
Aledo. This structure was used for the next 94 years until the county's rapid growth prompted the building of a brand new complex.
[9] The
old courthouse is listed on the
National Register of Historic Places, and was formerly used by
National–Louis University until National–Louis moved to
Lisle in 2004. It is currently being developed into luxury
condominiums.
On November 2, 1990, the courthouse moved to a building about two miles (3 km) west in a new 57-acre (230,000 m
2) complex at the corner of County Farm Road and Manchester Road. It was built at a cost of $52,500,000 and includes a 300,000-square-foot (30,000 m
2) judicial building. In 1992, the county sued the
architect and
contractor for $4 million after several employees became ill from the ventilation system.
[10] In the end, however, the county received only $120,000 for minor repairs and the jury sided with the defendants, finding that the alleged problems were caused, primarily, by the county's negligent operation and maintenance of the ventilation system.